DSL and ADSL Internet Connection / Setting

Router:
A router is a device that forwards data packets along networks.

Common ports / terminals

1. WAN port = Input point for any dsl or broadband internet service.

2. ADSL port = Input point of your telephone for ADSL internet service.

3. LAN ports = Output point that’s sends data from router to your computer or other devices.

Router setup for DSL internet

1. Open the router's page by the router's ip from the internet browser. Router ip will be written mostly in the back side of your router or search in the manual. E.g.: 192.168.1.1

2. Insert router username and password (find it in manual). Mostly username: admin and password: admin

3. Go to quick setup:

  3.1 If you want to connect from ADSL router then select DHCP (auto).

  3.2 If you are connecting from broadband ISP then select PPP and insert   username and password provided by your ISP. Sometime you may also need to verify your router MAC address also.

4. Finish

Router setup for ADSL internet

1. Open the router's page by the router's ip from the internet browser. Router ip will be written mostly in the back side of your router or search in the manual. E.g: 192.168.1.1

2. Insert router username and password (find it in manual). Mostly username: admin and password: admin

3. Go to quick setup and select PPPoE option.

4. Insert username and password provided by ADSL service provider. Insert VPI: 8 and VCI: 81

5. Finish

Computer Virus

In reality, computer viruses aren’t so dramatic. In fact, most viruses are designed to hide, do their work quietly, and avoid detection for as long as possible. But a virus’s damage can be dramatic in the extreme, causing untold losses to data and productivity.

What is a Computer Virus?

Virus is a parasitic program that infects other legal programs, which is sometimes called the host. To infect the host program, the virus modifies the host to store a copy of the virus i.e. virus can replicate itself. Many viruses are programmed to do harm once they infect the victim’s system. A virus can be designed to do various kinds of damage. But the ability to do damage is not what defines a virus.

What can a Virus do?

- Copy themselves to other programs or areas of a disk.

- Replicate as rapidly and frequently as possible, filling up the infected system’s disks and memory, rendering the system useless.

- Display information on the screen.

- Modify, corrupt, or destroy selected files.

- Erase the contents of entire disks.

- Lie dormant for a specified time or until a given condition is met, and then become active.

- Open a “back door” to the infected system that allows someone else to access and even take control of the system through a network or Internet connection.

Preventing Infection

It is not much difficult to prevent against virus if you have a little knowledge and some utility software. Some popular antivirus programs include:

- McAfee VirusScan

- Norton AntiVirus

- Virex

- PC-cillin

- Avast!

Only installing antivirus in your system is not enough. Most antivirus programs allow different settings, try to find important settings and enable them. Importantly, do not forget to update the antivirus database regularly through internet service.

DC Motor Speed Controller

Required devices:

1. 3v - 12v dc motor

2. 100k potentiometer

3. MOSFET TO-220AB

4. 12v battery

How to connect?

Connect Drain (D) of MOSFET and right end of potentiometer (P) to the +ve terminal of battery. Connect Source (S) of MOSFET to the one end of motor. Connect another end of motor and another end of 'P' to the –ve terminal of battery. Finally, connect the middle point of 'P' to the Gate (G) of MOSFET. Now you can control the speed of motor by rotating the knob of potentiometer.

NOTE: 
The MOSFET should be N channel enhancement  MOSFET (IRF540, IRF3205,...).
The supply voltage depend on MOSFET and the motor. Example: If the MOSFET is designed for 12v and capable of 50v. The supply voltage should be 12v.

Quadcopter vs Hexacopter vs Octacopter

1. Quadcopter

Quadcopter is one of the most popular multicopter on the market. With the four propellers, a quadcopter has more power to lift off the ground.They are fast, affordable in price they are easy to manufacture. They have four propellers to ensure that they are able to lift in the air. Mostly used in movie cinematography, areal view by attaching HD came with it.

2. Hexacopter

Hexacopters are powerful than quadcopter since it has 2 more propellers than quadcopter. It can reach higher elevation than quadcopter. A hexacopter is more safe having 6 motors 120 degrees apart because it can use the rest motors when one dies. It can lift more weight than quadcopter.

3. Octacopter

A Octocopter is have 8 rotating fans which brings more stability in flying. They are essentially the aerial version of the common Octotrooper and seem to occupy the role of air-to-ground fighters in the Octarian Army, supplanted by the heavier-duty Octobombers. It is used lift heavy equipment and transport.

Recover corrupt memory card

Process:
1. Insert your memory card into the computer or laptop.
2. Open and run 'command' (cmd) as an administrator.
3. type diskpart
This is open the diskpart command window.
4. Type list disk - this will show your harddisk and memory card.
5. Select your memory card by select disk 1.
6. type clean - this process must be succeeded for further process.
7. type create partition primary
8. type active.
9. type select partition 1.
10. type format fs fat32.
Complete the format and its done.